Max Abroad : The Best of Spain

An explosion of the purest nature, with waterfalls and cascades, the Ruidera Lakes (Lagunas de Ruidera) have been declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, and appear before the visitor's eyes as an oasis of water and plants in the heart of La Mancha's arid plains - home to Don Quijote. Wetlands with extraordinary flora and fauna, along with unforgettable dawns and dusks await those who decide to visit this unique site.

The Ruidera Lakes are naturally formed by a group of 16 small lakes on different levels with an altitude difference of 120m between the first lake called "La Blanca" and the last lake "La Cenagosa". Some are interconnected, and turn this otherwise arid area of ochre tones, into a real oasis. Besides the area’s natural beauty, it also offers the chance to practise a variety of leisure and sports activities.

Walking, fishing, golf, canoeing, sailing and scuba diving are some of the activities you can enjoy in this protected Nature Reserve which spans over 4,000 hectares between the provinces of Ciudad Real and Albacete and fortunately for us is just a stone's throw away from our village property in Valdepeñas.

These lakes also provide a rest area for migratory birds such as common pochards, red-crested pochards, common mallards, great crested grebes and purple herons. These species live together with a rich autochthonous fauna full of birds including partridges, Azure-winged magpies, wood pigeons, and bee-eaters; as well as foxes, otters, rabbits, genet and bats.

Its waters are full of carp, barbells, pike and ducks living among reeds, reedmace, and giant reeds and surrounded by holm oaks, junipers, savins and thyme - just a few of the more than 800 plant species to be found in this area which perfume the air around the lakes.

The source of these lakes is a series of springs and streams that come together between the towns Ossa de Montiel and Ruidera. This is how these small, shallow, crystal-clear lakes are formed. The Guadiana River (one of Spain’s longest) has its source here too, and her waters disappear underground for 15 km to then rise again in the towns of Villarubia de Los Ojos and Daimiel.

But the lakes are much more than just scenery and nature. In addition to the outings and water sports, it is a fantastic area to enjoy hiking, hunting, fishing, horse riding or cycling, as well as 4x4 tours which are really fun! The more adventurous can practise paragliding or caving in the many fissures and grottos to be found in the area. And of course, you can play golf on a nine-hole course in the nearby town of Tomelloso, just fifteen minutes from the lakes there is also has a go-kart racing track. In Torrenueva there is also a five-star hotel with a fantastic 18 hole golf course if you fancy some true creature comforts!

Even Miguel de Cervantes, the literary father of Don Quixote de la Mancha was captivated by the charm of the Ruidera lakes. He set part of his literary masterpiece in the Campo de Montiel area, which takes in most of the present-day Nature Reserve.

Nearby is Campo de Criptana, a town where we can admire the windmills Don Quixote mistook for giants and which are still fully integrated in the landscape of this welcoming land. It is also home to a unique local cuisine.

As far as gastronomy is concerned, there is an extended and varied choice of dishes: gachas (special dough), migas (breadcrumbs fried in garlic), ratatouille, broth with garlic, egg and bread, pulse stews, gazpacho (cold summer soup), game, caldereta (stew), roasts, duelos y quebrantos (chorizo and lamb brains sautéed with egg)... most of which appear in Cervante's immortal work. We cannot forget manchego cheese, which is known worldwide and made from sheep’s milk, or the wines of the area with its Designation of Origin. A true culinary delight to accompany Spain's great natural oasis.

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When we talk about Spanish wines, it’s easy to think only of its reds — the flagship tempranillos of the Rioja region, the robust wines of Ribera del Duero, the trendy new offerings from Priorat.

But we must add Spanish whites to our mental wine lists. Spain makes fabulous whites, from the steely, floral Albariño wines of the northeastern Galicia region to the crisp, high-plains verdejos of heartlands Rueda.

People who are accustomed to chardonnay and sauvignon blanc often know little of Spain’s whites. They’re worth learning about. They tend to be light, dry, crisp and mineral-scented, so they go as well with the same foods as the world’s sauvignon blancs.

In Spain, these wines have grown up for centuries with the country’s varied local cuisines, and it’s cliche but true that “what grows together goes together.”

Albarino, from Spain’s northwestern Galicia region, is a steely, floral white wine that goes well with seafood, fish and really just about anything. It is a fantastic white wine to drink just on its own and has quickly become the flagship white wine of Spain. Amongst  my favorites are Martin Codax and Val Do Sosego (both Albariño)

Verdejo, is similar to Italy’s pinot grigio, with the crisp minerality and citrus tang from the cold, high plains of Rueda, north of Madrid. It’s great with roasted poultry and roast suckling pig.

Here is a description of the different types of white wine available in Spain

Dry White Wines

Balance, acidity and alcohol are the main characteristics of these wines. To experience all of their finesse, these wines should be consumed within their first two years.

They are more structured than aromatic white wines. The properties unique to natural dry wines make them take longer to evolve and age. But when they do, they sometimes lose a little of their elegance.

Only in rare cases do they age well, and thus they should be consumed during the first two years following their production.
In Spain, natural dry white wines are made from different native grape varieties. Grapes from Albariño, Godello, Macabeo, Treixadura or Airén are just a few examples.
Exotic grapes that are spread throughout the entire Spanish wine country are also drawn upon, in this case Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon blanc or Viognier which are used to make natural dry white wines.

Oaked Dry White Wines

A white wine becomes dry when it has spent an extensive period of time in contact with wood, particularly oak.
The contact between the white wine and the wood can be implemented during the entire fermentation process or only during part of the process.

The containers used to mingle wine and wood are varied. The most common barrels are the Bordeaux barriques style ones which hold 225 litres, but there are also barrels that hold 500 litres or more. Depending on their capacity, they are made out of different types of wood. The most frequently used wood is French oak but barrels made of American or Central European oak are also manufactured and are very popular nowadays.

The time that the wine remains in the wood varies. It depends on the type of grape and the  winemaking techniques used.

But any oaked dry wine can be distinguished from other white wines by its personality, reflecting a blending of the characteristics of the area and the grape with the properties of the wood.

White wine that has been oaked will take on a distinct visual appearance, aroma and palate. A more intense colour, bordering on golden, is the first clue. The nose retains the aromas of the grapes themselves melded with the aromas that are typical of the wood used. Not all grape varieties are adequate for making this type of wine. The best ones include:  Chardonnay and Aligote, and for Spanish grapes, Verdejo, Albariño and Godello.

The nuances of the grape variety are added to the aromas that are inherent in the wood – mainly the aroma of vanilla and spices.

The mouthfeel of these white wines is intense with more body, structure and volume and with a personality that is very different from other white wines. They can be kept for longer.

Sweet White Wines

This category of sweet wines is comprised of all wines with a high amount of sugar, whether residual or derived from the procedures to add alcohol to the unfermented grape juice.
This category also includes wines with a low alcohol content that are enhanced with sugars derived from various procedures such as the freezing of grapes on the vine or a later grape harvest.
In Spain, there are three main groups that are among the most prized: Muscat, Malvasia and Pedro Ximénez wines.

Muscat wines are made from different varieties of Muscat grapes. In Spain the ones made in Andalucía, the Levante and Navarre are the most distinguished, although the areas of production and the different types of grapes used in the production process of these wines provide different flavour nuances (Muscat from Málaga, Moscatel Romano, Muscat of Alexandria, etc.). The golden and shiny colour, the fruity aromas and the crisp and sweet palate are consistent across these wines. (It is worthwhile to note the differences among these wines by geographical region, grape variety, harvesting seasons and processes)

Malvasia wines are made from a very particular yet common grape. The varietal should be discussed where Canarian Malvasia can be highlighted. The grape is left to mature on the vine and is harvested when the concentration of sugar is very high or it has dried in the sun. It is used as a varietal for natural sweet wines with an alcohol content of 16%. The result is a high-quality wine that is typical of Lanzarote. The Malvasía sweet wines from the Canary Islands are a toasted golden yellow colour with mineral aromas and flavours and with lots of body.

Finally, Pedro Ximénez wines come from a white grape of the same name. They are Andalusian wines that are also distinguished by their high sugar content. The harvested grapes are turned to rasins and to do so are put in the sun for 4 to 15 days, placed upon wide areas of ground on top of esparto fabric. This dehydration process makes fermentation very difficult, which is offset by adding distilled spirit. Finally, they are subject to a single ageing process in a criadera and solera barrel system.

These wines have a high sugar content and a variable alcohol content – between 8% and 15%. They are very dense and concentrated with a colour that can vary from chestnut tones to dark brown or almost black with a golden glow.

Young Aromatic White wines

These wines preserve the aromatic qualities and characteristics of the raw ingredients used. They are labelled as light and acidic with floral and fruity aromas.

Just like all white wines, young whites are obtained from white grapes or red ones without a coloured pulp. The grape juice is allowed to ferment without the grape solids or the stems, which are elements that colour the wine. Once the fermentation is complete, the wine is clarified, filtered, stabilised and bottled for sale.
It retains the characteristics of a young wine in terms of acidity, lightness, its floral and fruity aroma, temperament and warmth.

In order to achieve the desired results in making young white wines, the grapes that will be used are painstakingly selected. Generally, aromatic grapes are selected such as Gewürztraminer, Muscat, Riesling, Macabeo or Parellada grapes.

The winemaking process is also carefully conducted, controlling the fermentation temperature and other parameters.

By extension, today white wines that are made in such as way as to preserve the aromatic properties and characteristics of the raw ingredients to the greatest extent possible are included in this group.

The town of Mazarrón is located in the southeast of Spain. It is part of the Autonomous Community of Murcia, 72 km from the regional capital, Murcia.

In 1976 a large Roman salting factory was discovered, dating back to the 4th and 5th centuries AD. The structure preserved in the Salazones Museum-Factory corresponds to the area used for the cleaning, chopping and salting process of fish. This industrial complex would have extended through the streets and lots adjacent to the museum. The museum offers a tour that consists of four stages: 1) the salting factory; 2) from Paleolithic to late Roman times; 3) the late Roman period; and 4) from the Middle Ages to the present day.

A fundamental element in the salting factories was the pools or tanks in which the fish was macerated with salt; this process lasted between twenty days and three months. Later, in these same pools, the fish meats were seasoned and the different fish sauces were made, the undisputed star being Garum.

 [Modern Garum, following Roman recipe from Pompeii]
 
Garum was an essential element in any Roman kitchen that was valued, as a condiment for countless dishes. It was obtained by the maceration of the viscera of certain fish. After the fermentation process, and the action of heat, the fish was reduced to the precious liquid called Garum, for which astronomical sums were paid.

Next to the salting factory are the vestiges of a Roman house, on Era Street, dating from the 4th - 5th centuries AD. It was part of a group of houses that were probably related to the fishing industry and the peak of the salting factory. Its residents must have been people with good purchasing power since a significant number of imported coins and domestic objects were found in the archaeological excavations.

A third section that can be visited, also linked to the salting industry, is the Roman complex of Alamillo. The oldest vestiges, which cannot be visited, correspond to the republican period, in the Loma del Alamillo, where a sanctuary has been identified. The rest of the complex is related to the industrial area of a Roman villa, highlighting the pools where the famous and highly demanded garum was produced.

Another point of interest is the Interpretation Center of the Phoenician Ship of Mazarrón, located in Jardín del Gachero in Puerto de Mazarrón, next to Playa de la Isla. It has audiovisual information, various explanatory panels, models and a reproduction of the Mazarrón 2 wreck, found in Playa de la Isla in 1994. This boat, the best preserved in the Mediterranean, was faster but with less load capacity than the Gôlah - the typical Phoenician merchant ship. The wreck was found practically intact in its original position and was loaded with 2,820 kg of circular litharge bars, used for silver mining.

The magazine specialising in inland tourism, Escapada Rural, has offered a selection of the best natural pools scattered throughout the country to take a dip in these hot months of Summer. Fancy a dip?!

Garganta de los infiernos in Cáceres.

This natural enclave offers a series of pools with transparent water and some rapids which offer a whole lot of fun for all ages. They are very close to the Jerte Valley, known for its cherry blossoms, and access is completely free. Currently, due to the health situation, there is a capacity of 300 people in the nature reserve. In addition, access and parking are regulated without the possibility of booking in advance. From the tourist office, they warn that although you are allowed to go with pets they must be on a lead, on the other hand, access with motor vehicles is prohibited and they insist on the need to take care of the environment so leaving rubbish behind will imply a hefty fine from the authorities.

Chorreras de Cabriel in Cuenca

Less than an hour and a half from Cuenca, this natural bathing area through which the Cabriel River flows, offers imposing pools of blue and crystalline waters. This space was declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2019. It is an area with waterfalls and pools of turquoise water, where you can go hiking, do water sports and nature tourism, especially bird watching. A great day out for the whole family. It is essential to come with a parking reservation, as that is how they regulate the capacity, this can be obtained from their own website.

Pozas Pou Clar in Valencia

These clean, turquoise water pools are located in Ontinyent, a town less than an hour from Valencia. The Clariano River runs through this river area and creates up to six different natural pools as it passes through the entire rocky area. It can be reached on foot, by bicycle or car from the municipality and at its entrance there is parking for vehicles. It is possible to bathe, have lunch on the indicated dates (between October and May, in the summer months it is prohibited) and enjoy nature. As in the rest of the locations, camping, barbecues or depositing waste is prohibited.

Arenas de San Pedro in Ávila

If what you are looking for is a more family and peaceful environment, the natural pools of Arenas De San Pedro are the key for this season. In the province of Ávila, approximately an hour and a half away is this wonderful destination. Its bathing area is shallower than others so it will be safer for the little ones in the family. Near the bathing area, there is a nearby car park with a capacity for 50 vehicles. In addition, in its surroundings, there is a meadow with grass where you can rest and outdoor showers, access stairs, and even a trampoline. In the vicinity of the municipality, there are also the Cuevas del Águila, a gem of geological heritage that allows you to go deep down into the interior of the Earth.

I decided to prepare an article with a list of the most beautiful cities in Spain based on all my trips throughout the country, to date. Barcelona, Seville or San Sebastián are obviously some of the chosen ones. But with much difficulty, I finally selected 'my' top 10 of the most beautiful cities in Spain which I have visited. So if you have visited a city that you think is even more beautiful than any of these 10, please post it in the comments section!

So without further ado let's see the ranking of the most beautiful cities in Spain - each with its own special quality - that you should visit at least once in your life:

1. Seville - The most beautiful city bar none

Seville is, for me, the most beautiful city in all of Spain. Monumental, colourful, 'instagrammable', welcoming. As Los Del Rio said "The world falls in love with Seville because of its way of being, because of its warmth, because of its fairs ... It has to be Seville" and they were not wrong. One of the most important attractions to see in Seville is its wonderful Plaza de España that was built in 1929. Absolutely stunning.

Among other recommended places in the capital of Andalusia are the Alcazar, the Santa Cruz neighbourhood, the Triana neighbourhood, the Macarena, the cathedral and its Giralda, the Torre del Oro, the Maria Luisa Park and the Wooden Mushrooms of Seville (Setas de Sevilla) - the largest wooden structure in the world, if I am not mistaken, constructed to give shade to the square.

2. Barcelona - the most monumental city in Spain

Barcelona has it all! Culture, viewpoints, sea, good weather, good gastronomy, and it is another of the cities that dispute the title of the most beautiful city in Spain. Gaudí's wonderful works of art, such as the Sagrada Familia, Park Guell, La Pedrera or Casa Batlló, make it an open-air museum.

Its Mediterranean beaches, such as the famous Barceloneta, are visited by thousands of tourists every year. All this added to its many tourist attractions such as Montjuic, Tibidabo or El Born and its lively nightlife make the Catalan capital one of the cities preferred by foreigners.

3. Córdoba, the most charming city in Spain

Córdoba, although it is one of the smallest on the list, is one of the most beautiful and important cities in the country. Several of its monuments have been declared a World Heritage Site such as the Mosque-Cathedral or the Medina Azahara.

But what makes it really attractive is its patio festival where every May the Cordovan houses cover their walls with pots full of colourful flowers to compete for the award of the most beautiful patio in Córdoba.

4. San Sebastián, the jewel of the Basque Country

Strolling along Playa de la Concha, reaching the Peine del Viento, contemplating the beautiful Miramar Palace, or walking aimlessly through the streets of its historic centre are some of the best things to see and do in San Sebastián, considered one of the most beautiful cities in Spain and undoubtedly the Basque Country for its extreme elegance. No surprise that Donostia (in Euskera) was the city chosen by monarchs and aristocrats of the 19th century as the ideal location to spend their summer holidays.
A gastronomic route through the Basque capital is essential and rest assured that San Sebastián will also conquer your stomach.

5. Granada, the city with the most visited monument in Spain

Granada is one of the most visited cities in Spain thanks to the Alhambra, the most visited monument in the country, which looks over the city from above. This wonder deserves a special mention and without a doubt, you will need to dedicate at least half a day to visit each of its areas: the Alcazaba, the Nasrid Palaces and the Generalife gardens.
In addition to this historic place, there are other things you can do in Granada such as visit the Albaicín, the Cathedral of Granada, walk through the Carrera del Darro, enjoy its tapas, go shopping in the Alcaicería, attend a flamenco show in one of the Sacromonte Caves or see a beautiful sunset from one of its viewpoints.

6. Valencia, the city with the best climate

Valencia has become the most visited city in Spain every March because, in addition to its magnificent climate, the Fallas are also celebrated there, a massive party where you can attend fireworks such as the mascletás and the burning of the ninots.
Other reasons why Valencia is included on the list of the 10 most beautiful cities in Spain are the modern and avant-garde City of Arts and Sciences, its old town, the Turia gardens, its beaches ... And when it comes to gastronomy, few dishes are more famous in the world than the Valencian paella.

7. Salamanca, the historic city of excellence

Salamanca is also included in my list of the 10 most beautiful cities in Spain because I believe that this city should be on all itineraries when travelling through the country. In addition to being declared a World Heritage Site in 1988, reason enough to include it on the list, its beautiful old town full of architectural jewels will make you fall completely in love. 
The main places you can see in Salamanca are its magnificent Cathedral, the House of shells, the Plaza Mayor, the University of Salamanca (don't forget to find the frog and the astronaut!) and the wonderful views of the old town from the Tormes bridge make it one of the most beautiful places in Spain.

8. Madrid, the city with the best entertainment
There are endless things to see in Madrid. The Spanish capital has a wide cultural offering which makes it one of the most requested cities by tourists.
The Plaza Mayor, the Prado Museum, the Royal Palace, strolling through the Retiro Park, the Debod Temple, the Puerta de Alcalá, its infinite museums or simply walking along the Gran Via are some of the places that will amaze you in the city. No matter how many days you stay, there will always be something new to do.

9. Cáceres, the best-preserved medieval city in Spain

Cáceres is one of the cities with the most beautiful medieval old town in Spain. Walking through it is like travelling back in time. It is as if you were in medieval times with the feeling of being immersed in a movie set, surrounded by palaces, stately homes and cobbled streets. This is why Cáceres has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
The city has also been the scene of several films and series of great international success such as Game of Thrones and Romeo and Juliet. Here while wandering around, you can visit the Plaza Mayor, the Plaza de San María, the Palacio de Carvajal, the Aljibe and tour the Barrio de San Antonio, the old Jewish quarter.

10. Toledo, formerly the capital of Spain

Toledo, the capital of the country between 1519 and 1561, is also known as the city of the three cultures because Arabs, Christians and Jews lived together for centuries within the same city walls. This city completes the list of the 10 most beautiful cities in Spain.
Located just one hour from Madrid, it is one of the most beautiful medieval cities in the country. Its cobbled streets and its sword shops and knights' armour will make you feel like you're in the Middle Ages. The main things to see in Toledo are the Puerta de la Bisagra, the Plaza de Zocodover, the Catedral Primada, the church of Santo Tomé and the wonderful views of the city from the viewpoint of the Valley.

There we have it, if you think you have visited a more beautiful city than one of these, please mention it in the comments section!

Nestled amidst the rugged mountain ranges and overlooking the lush valleys of Spain lie the enigmatic pueblos blancos, or white villages. Characterised by their dazzling white-washed walls, these villages are not only a testament to the nation's rich history but also display a unique blend of cultural influences. Central to these charming landscapes is the tradition of encalado de casas – the whitewashing of houses. This practice, deeply ingrained in the region's cultural fabric, has origins that are both practical and symbolic, affecting life within these homes in profound ways.

The tradition of whitewashing buildings in Spain can be traced back to ancient times, influenced by several different cultures over the centuries. Initially, it was the Phoenicians who introduced the technique to the Iberian Peninsula as a means of protecting buildings from the harsh Mediterranean sun. However, it was during the Islamic rule of Al-Andalus from the 8th to the 15th centuries that the practice became widespread in the southern regions of Spain, particularly Andalusia. The Moors valued the aesthetic and practical benefits of whitewashing and embedded it into the local architecture.

The act of encalado, or whitewashing, serves multiple functions, blending practicality with aesthetics. The primary reason homes were whitewashed was to reflect the intense sunlight, thus helping to keep the interiors cooler during the scorching summer months. This natural form of temperature regulation was essential in areas like Andalusia, where summer temperatures can soar.

Moreover, limestone, the main component used in traditional whitewash paint, has antiseptic properties that helped to sanitize the environment. This was particularly beneficial in agricultural communities, where preventing the spread of disease was crucial. Whitewash also acts as a natural insect repellent, deterring pests from settling on the walls.

Aesthetically, the white walls lend a bright and airy feel to the villages, enhancing the natural beauty of the surroundings. The contrast between the dazzling white buildings and the blue sky, green fields, or deep orange of the setting sun creates breathtaking vistas that have charmed visitors for centuries.

The whitewashing of houses extends beyond its practical benefits, holding a symbolic value that reflects purity, unity, and a sense of community identity. Villages often come together for the annual whitewashing, a tradition that fosters a strong sense of belonging and collective responsibility among the inhabitants. This communal activity is a time-honored ritual that passes down through generations, strengthening the cultural ties and preserving the unique heritage of the pueblos blancos.

The impact of whitewashing extends into the interior of homes, significantly affecting the living conditions. The reflective properties of whitewashed walls enhance natural light within the home, creating brighter living spaces that feel open and welcoming. Additionally, the thermal properties help maintain a more consistent and comfortable indoor temperature, creating a cooler space in the summer and retaining warmth in the winter. This natural insulation improves the living conditions within the houses, making them more energy-efficient and comfortable year-round. It has been demonstrated to decrease the interior temperature in the summer by up to 10ºC.

The tradition of encalado de casas in Spain's white villages is a remarkable blend of practical ingenuity and cultural expression. The whitewashed houses of the pueblos blancos are not only a visual treat but also a reflection of the country's diverse history and the adaptive genius of its people. As travellers wind their way through these picturesque villages, they are not only greeted by stunning landscapes but also by a living tradition that continues to shape the identity and lifestyle of its inhabitants. In the end, the whitewashed walls of Spain stand as silent witnesses to the past, while continuing to offer a timeless lesson in sustainability and community spirit.

The region of Castilla La Mancha in Spain is the largest wine region in the world with around 500,000 hectares of vineyards within its area of production, of which only about 165,000 are able to produce wines with "designation of origin D.O”, it is one of the most important vineyards in Europe with DO. It represents 50% of all vineyards in Spain, 14% of all vineyards in Europe and 7% of all vineyards in the world.

La Mancha is an ideal area for growing grapes because the yield per hectare is not very high and is of premium quality. In addition, the health of their vines is extraordinary due to the long hours of sunshine they receive and their great ripening cycle.

Moreover, the versatility of their land has enabled them to introduce a vast variety of grapes from around the world without any problems, complementing the indigenous grapes Airen and Tempranillo, whose quality has enabled sales to grow steadily in recent years. 

La Mancha is a vast expanse of land that has a flat terrain, without great heights and with beautiful red Miocene sediments of limestone structure. Their temperatures are extreme due to its continental climate, ranging from the winter cold of -15 º to a stifling 45º during summer. Dryness is one of its most distinct characteristics, since its micro-climate prevents the entry of moist winds, presenting a low rainfall (300 to 400 mm per year), thus La Mancha is primarily dryland farming dependant on rainfall, although recent restructuring plans has expanded the number of drip irrigation farms. Moreover, La Mancha has more than 3,000 hours of sunshine a year to sear their grapes; hence it offers the best fruit which is bought mainly by the French after supplying national demand.

Although the documented origins of vineyards in La Mancha are dated to XII-XIII centuries after it repopulated in the times of Reconquista, some would argue that the vines from La Mancha date back to the Roman times. However, the cultivation of vineyards in La Mancha really started to expand around 1940, due to the start-up of many wine producers throughout the region. The wine is also the main economic activity of the municipalities of this región. These wines are the King of Spain’s favourite, originally the Crown of Spain had the first railway track built between Madrid and Ciudad Real just so the King could have a constant supply of wine.

Perched atop the serrated peaks of the Montserrat Mountains, the Montserrat Monastery stands as a beacon of spiritual and cultural significance in Catalonia, Spain. This historic abode of peace and contemplation is not merely a place of worship; it embodies the soul of Catalan culture and offers an unparalleled blend of natural beauty, art, and spirituality.

The story of Montserrat Monastery begins in the 9th century when hermit monks first settled in the Montserrat mountains, attracted by the solitary beauty of the peaks. However, the foundation of the monastery is traditionally attributed to the discovery of the statue of the Virgin of Montserrat, also known as 'La Moreneta' due to its dark colour, in a nearby cave in 880 AD. This significant find marked the beginning of Montserrat's journey as a place of pilgrimage.

The monastery has weathered the tumults of history - from expansions in the 11th and 12th centuries that laid down the Romanesque architectural foundation, to severe damage and rebuilding in the Napoleonic wars, and suppression during the Spanish Civil War. Through these vicissitudes, Montserrat has retained its spiritual essence and continues to be a haven for pilgrims and tourists alike.

The Monastery of Montserrat's architecture is a testament to the confluence of various styles, predominantly Gothic and Renaissance, harmoniously blending with the natural grandeur of its surroundings. The basilica, with its robust façades and ornate interiors, houses the venerated statue of La Moreneta, drawing pilgrims from around the globe to seek her blessings. The renowned atrium and cloister are masterpieces of art and architecture, reflecting the monastery's rich historical tapestry.

However, it is not just the basilica that captures the imagination. The monastic complex includes the Museum of Montserrat, home to an impressive collection that spans from ancient artefacts to modern paintings, including works by Caravaggio, El Greco, Dalí, and Picasso. This eclectic collection not only underscores the monastery's cultural significance but also its commitment to preserving art across ages.

For centuries, the Montserrat Monastery has been a focal point of spiritual introspection and religious pilgrimage. The journey to the monastery itself is a ritual of reflection, whether one ascends the mountain by foot, car, or the iconic rack railway. The panoramic views and the serenity of the landscape prepare the heart and mind for a profound experience.

Visitors are often struck by the solemn beauty of the Basilica’s interior and the mystical aura surrounding La Moreneta. Attend a performance by the Escolania de Montserrat, one of the oldest boys' choirs in Europe, to experience an ethereal connection to the divine through their celestial hymns.

The 'Camí de l’Ave Maria' lined with votive candles, and the 'Santa Cova' (Holy Grotto), where the Virgin's statue was found, are integral parts of the pilgrimage, allowing one to tread the paths of faith that countless have walked before.

The Monastery of Montserrat's allure is magnified by the stunning landscapes that envelop it. The mountains of Montserrat, with their distinctive rock formations, have been sculpted by nature into shapes that stir the imagination. For the adventurous soul, the mountains offer numerous hiking trails that reveal breathtaking views and hidden hermitages. The mountain is also a hotspot for climbers, drawn by its challenging rock faces and the allure of reaching new heights.

The Llobregat River Valley below, with its lush foliage, contrasts the stark beauty of the rocky peaks, creating a tapestry of landscapes that change with the seasons. This natural beauty not only provides a backdrop for the monastery but is an integral part of the spiritual experience, reminding visitors of the wonder of creation.

Montserrat Monastery has always played a pivotal role in Catalan culture. Its library, once among the richest in Europe, has been a centre for learning and the Catalan language through the ages. The monastery and the Madonna have been symbols of Catalan nationalism, especially during periods of oppression. This intertwining of spiritual and cultural identities makes Montserrat a living monument to Catalonia's enduring spirit.

The Montserrat Monastery is more than a destination; it’s a journey into the heart of Catalan spirituality and culture. With its breathtaking settings, rich history, and spiritual significance, it offers a unique experience that transcends the ordinary. Whether you seek quiet contemplation amidst majestic natural beauty, an appreciation of art and history, or a journey of faith, Montserrat welcomes all.

This haven in the clouds invites you to explore its mysteries, immerse yourself in its serene beauty, and perhaps, find a piece of yourself among its ancient stones. Montserrat is not just a visit; it’s an experience that stays with you, calling you back to its sacred peaks time and time again.

Nestled in the heart of Mallorca lies a wonder that has been carved by nature through millennia—the Torrent de Pareis. This stunning canyon, stretching for 3 kilometers and flanked by 200-meter high vertical walls, showcases the breathtaking power of torrential water working on calcareous rock over thousands of years. The Torrent de Pareis begins at S’Entreforc, a dramatic convergence point for two other torrents: the torrent of Lluc or Albarca and the torrent of Gorg Blau. In 2003, this extraordinary place was rightfully declared a National Monument, recognising its precipitous beauty and the unique ecosystem it supports.

The Entrancing Beauty of Sa Calobra

The natural mouth of the canyon opens up into Sa Calobra, a mesmerizing small bay adorned with round stones, nestled between two imposing mountains. This secluded spot offers a hidden beach and an awe-inspiring gorge, creating a picturesque setting that captivates the hearts of visitors. Despite the influx of tourists drawn by its renowned scenery, Sa Calobra retains its spectacular charm and remains a must-visit for anyone exploring Mallorca.

Reaching Sa Calobra is an experience in itself, featuring a journey that is as memorable as the destination. The road to this bay twists and turns around Puig Major, descending 800 meters in just 12 kilometres. It features a remarkable 270-degree turn that loops under itself, an engineering marvel known as the "Knotted Tie." However, for those seeking a more leisurely approach, a boat ride from Port de Soller offers an exceptional alternative. This route presents an unparalleled view of secluded bays and the majestic Puig Major, albeit marred slightly by military installations atop Mallorca's highest mountain.

Exploring the Torrent de Pareis

Upon arrival, a short walk through 200m of tunnels unveils the gateway to the Torrent de Pareis, known for its "twin streams" originating high in the mountains from the torrents of Lluc and Gorg Blau. This dramatic gorge, up to 400 meters high and merely 30 meters wide in places, hosts sections that are perpetually shrouded in shadow, never kissed by daylight. The gorge concludes at a small beach, offering a serene spot for a picnic amongst fellow explorers. During the summer months, when the gorge is dry, adventurous souls can hike inland between the cliffs, an activity that is strongly discouraged during the wetter, more perilous winter months.

Cala Tuent: A Serene Detour

For those looking to escape the buzz of Sa Calobra, a side turn off the main road leads to Cala Tuent, a tranquil cove featuring a sandy beach backed by a verdant landscape. This cove is home to the 13th-century church, Ermita de Sant Llorenc, adding a touch of historical charm to the natural beauty of the area. Cala Tuent offers a welcome respite from the more frequented spots, with its enchanting blue-green sea promising a peaceful haven for visitors.

Tips for Visitors

When planning a visit to Torrent de Pareis and its surrounding marvels, here are a few tips to enhance your experience:

• Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to explore the Torrent de Pareis is during the late spring to early autumn months when the weather is pleasant, and the gorge is dry. Summer offers the best conditions for hiking, but be prepared for larger crowds.

• Safety First: Always check the weather conditions before setting off on a hike. The gorge can be dangerous during or after heavy rainfall.

• Respect Nature: This area is a protected natural monument. Please respect the environment by not leaving any waste behind and by staying on designated paths.

• Stay Hydrated: Bring along plenty of water, especially during the summer months when temperatures can soar.

• Wear Appropriate Footwear: The terrain in and around the Torrent de Pareis can be challenging. Sturdy hiking shoes are a necessity for those planning to explore beyond the beach.

The Torrent de Pareis and its surrounding areas offer a compelling blend of natural beauty and adventure, making it a cornerstone of Mallorca's appeal to visitors from around the globe. Whether you're marvelling at the dramatic landscapes, navigating the winding roads, or enjoying the tranquillity of secluded beaches, a journey to this corner of Mallorca promises memories that will last a lifetime. So, when you next find yourself on this enchanting island, make sure to set aside a day (or more) to explore the mesmerizing Torrent de Pareis and its stunning environs.

Madrid, the heart and soul of Spain, pulsates with vibrant traditions and cultural festivities, none more revered than the festival of San Isidro. This grand celebration, held annually on the 15th of May, is a splendid display of Madrileño pride and joy, offering a window into the city's rich history, sumptuous cuisine, and distinctive fashion.

The festival honours Saint Isidore the Labourer, the patron saint of farmers, and promises an array of activities that bring the entire city to life. In this article, we will explore the fascinating origins of San Isidro, dive into the traditions that define it, savour the typical foods and drinks on offer, and admire the unique styles and dress that contribute to the festival's colourful tapestry.

The story of San Isidro dates back to the 12th century and is rooted in the life and miracles of Isidore the Labourer, or San Isidro Labrador as he is known in Spanish. Born in Madrid, Isidro was a simple farmer who led a pious life, devoted to his faith and his work. Legend has it that angels were seen ploughing the fields alongside him, a testament to his holiness. After his death, numerous miracles were attributed to him, eventually leading to his canonisation by Pope Gregory XV in 1622.

It wasn't until 1212, however, that the first pilgrimage to San Isidro's hermitage took place, marking the beginning of what would eventually become the festival as it is known today. Over the centuries, this celebration has grown in size and scope, reflecting the enduring legacy of San Isidro and the deep spiritual and cultural significance he holds for the people of Madrid.

The festival of San Isidro is a multifaceted event that spans several days, encompassing religious ceremonies, lively parades, music concerts, and dance performances. One of the highlights is the pilgrimage to the Pradera de San Isidro, where Madrileños gather to pay homage at the shrine of their patron saint. Here, families enjoy picnics, and crowds are sprinkled with holy water blessed by the saint, a ritual believed to ensure good health and protection.

Another cornerstone of the festival is the offering of the meadow (Ofrenda de la Pradera), where devotees dress in traditional attire to present bouquets of flowers to the statue of San Isidro. This act of devotion fills the air with the fragrance of spring and colours the city in a vibrant floral palette.

The festivities also include the iconic "gigantes y cabezudos" (giants and big heads) parade, featuring large papier-mâché figures that dance through the streets, delighting children and adults alike.

No Spanish festival would be complete without a feast for the senses, and San Isidro offers a delectable array of traditional foods and drinks that embody the spirit of Madrid. Topping the list is the "cocido madrileño," a hearty chickpea stew with meat and vegetables, which is a staple of Madrileño cuisine. As families relax on the grassy meadows, picnic baskets brim with "tortilla de patatas" (Spanish omelette), "callos" (tripe stew), and "bocadillos de calamares" (squid sandwiches), creating a mosaic of flavours that tantalise the taste buds.

No celebration of San Isidro would be complete without sampling "rosquillas del santo," doughnuts that come in two varieties: "listas" (smart), which are smooth and glazed, and "tontas" (silly), which are plain. These sweet treats are often washed down with "limonada," a traditional lemonade spiked with wine and fruit, or a glass of "tinto de verano," a refreshing blend of red wine and lemon soda.

The festival of San Isidro is a visual spectacle, with Madrileños donning traditional attire that pays homage to the city's historical roots. Women wear the "chulapa" dress, a figure-hugging ensemble adorned with brightly coloured shawls, lace, and polka dots, completing the look with a white or lace mantilla worn over a high comb. Men, on the other hand, become "chulapos," sporting the "goyesco" style with chequered or plain caps, waistcoats, and neckerchiefs. This sartorial display is not merely about fashion; it is a proud declaration of identity and belonging, connecting the present to the past and weaving a shared cultural narrative.

As dusk falls and the city lights up, the Retiro Park and the Plaza Mayor become stages for traditional "chotis" dances, where couples whirl in tight circles, the women's skirts twirling in a blur of colour. The sound of "verbenas" (open-air dances) fills the air, inviting everyone to join in the revelry, united by music and dance.

The festival of San Isidro is more than just an annual celebration; it is a living tapestry of Madrid's history, culture, and community spirit. From its religious origins to its contemporary manifestations, it encapsulates the essence of Madrileño life, offering a feast for the senses and a testament to the enduring legacy of Saint Isidore. As we explore its traditions, culinary delights, and unique styles, we are reminded of the power of cultural festivals to bring people together, fostering a sense of belonging and shared joy. Whether you are a lifelong resident of Madrid or a curious visitor, the festival of San Isidro invites you to partake in its magic, promising an unforgettable experience that captures the soul of this magnificent city.