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Soy... una mujer

Sobre mi... Born in 1973. JD ( Seville) and MA ( Navarre). US 2000-2001. Married to an artist, two children: Teresa y Jacobo


Vivo en... Algeciras (Cadiz)


Me gusta... Philosophy, friends, nature.


Trabajo de... Lawyer


Mi firma en el foro es...

Maria L. de Castro, JD, MA

Lawyer

Director www.costaluzlawyers.es

El blog de Maria

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06 Nov 2025 11:58 AM:

Today’s Supreme Court ruling at a glance (notified 6 November 2025)

Spain’s Supreme Court has dismissed the bank’s appeal and confirmed full liability under a collective (blanket) guarantee in an off-plan case where buyers paid via the intermediary Ocean View—a well-known agent from the early-2000s boom, whose practices left hundreds of buyers claiming they lost their life savings—and never received individual guarantees. The outcome: 100% refund of deposits plus statutory interest, with costs. The Court reiterates the public-order nature of Law 57/1968 and shuts the door on defenses based on alleged “lack of control” over funds or the use of intermediaries.


Great signal for international investors in Spain—and for our CostaLuz–DeCastro teams: off-plan purchase security is reinforced. Spain’s Supreme Court has again made clear that banks and developers must treat with maximum seriousness every euro buyers pay on account.

The headline

When a collective (blanket) guarantee exists for a development, the guarantor bank must refund 100% of deposits plus statutory interest from each payment date—even if the buyer paid via an intermediary (e.g., Ocean View) or outside the guarantor bank’s accounts, and even where no individual guarantee certificates were issued.

Why this matters

  • Safety consolidated: Spain remains among the safest markets globally for off-plan property investment.
  • Public-order protection: Law 57/1968 ( now 20/2015) is imperative and protects buyers of first and second homes alike.
  • No loopholes: Once (1) on-account payments and (2) non-delivery are proven, the guarantor pays in full—no “funds control” defense, no intermediary gap.

Two distinctive features clarified by the case law

  1. Intermediary structure (Ocean View). Having Ocean View between purchaser and developer—and being the guaranteed entity—does not weaken protection. Payments channelled via the intermediary still trigger guarantor liability when tied to the contract.
  2. Collective vs. individual guarantees. A valid collective guarantee fully covers buyers upon non-delivery even if no individual certificates were ever issued.

What this means for buyers

  • Collective guarantees bite: Full refund + interest from each payment date.
  • Intermediaries don’t break the chain: Payments via Ocean View or similar agents count if they align with the contract.
  • No individual certificate? Still covered: The collective policy suffices when delivery fails.

What this means for banks and developers

Courts are reiterating strict compliance: arguments about lack of account control or third-party intermediaries won’t fly where a collective guarantee exists. Expect interest from each payment date and exposure to costs if you don’t comply.


Q&A: Fast answers for buyers

Q1. I never received an individual guarantee. Can I still claim?
Yes. A valid collective guarantee for the development is enough.

Q2. I paid through an agent (e.g., Ocean View), not into the guarantor bank. Is it covered?
Yes. If the payments correspond to your contract and you can evidence them, they qualify.

Q3. The bank says it never “controlled” my money. Does that block my claim?
No. Under a collective policy, liability follows the guarantee, not custody of funds.

Q4. What can I recover?
100% of deposits plus statutory legal interest from each deposit date. Courts often award costs.

Q5. The developer is insolvent—do I still have a route?
Yes. That is precisely why the guarantor stands in.

Q6. What documents should I gather now?
Your reservation/purchase contract, proof of payments (transfers, receipts), agent invoices/emails (e.g., Ocean View), and any guarantee wording referencing a collective policy.

Q7. Does Law 57/1968 protect both primary and holiday homes?
Yes. It is a public-order protection for first and second residences.

Q8. Some payments are hard to trace—am I stuck?
Not necessarily. We can often reconstruct the trail with secondary evidence (emails, bank statements, agent records).


Call to action

Want certainty now?
Send us your contract, payment proofs, and any guarantee documents (including mentions of a collective policy and dealings with Ocean View). We’ll review your contract and guarantees and give you a clear, actionable plan—what you can claim, how to proceed, and practical timing.

Contact us today for the review

 


This message was last edited by mariadecastro on 11/6/2025.
Thread: Spain’s Supreme Court, once again, on the side of property investors

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05 Nov 2025 5:23 PM:

Date: 5 November 2025
Headline: Spain’s Supreme Court has reaffirmed that, under Ley 57/1968, legal interest on off-plan deposits accrues from each payment until the buyer is actually reimbursed, even if the developer has become insolvent. The (bank/insurer) guarantee is autonomous and is not curtailed by the developer’s insolvency.

Why this matters

Spain’s off-plan system relies on mandatory guarantees to shield consumers if a project fails. The Court doubled down on that protective purpose: the guarantor cannot invoke the developer’s insolvency to stop interest. The goal is to put the buyer where they would have been if delivery had been timely.

What the Court said (plain English)

  • Autonomous guarantee, not an accessory surety. Guarantees under Ley 57/1968 stand on their own; classic limits of suretyship (“the surety cannot owe more than the debtor”) do not reduce the guarantor’s duty here.

  • Continuing, remuneratory interest. Legal interest runs from each deposit and keeps running until the buyer is actually reimbursed. Any insolvency “interest stop” applies to the insolvent developer, not to a solvent guarantor.

  • Practical upshot. Banks/insurers that guaranteed advances must return principal + legal interest up to the refund date.

The case in brief

Buyers made off-plan payments. The developer later entered insolvency. There was a collective guarantee policy. The first and second instances capped interest at the insolvency date. The Supreme Court reversed on interest and set the end date at actual repayment, leaving the rest intact and with neutral costs on cassation.

Strategic value for consumers and market confidence

This judgment consolidates a buyer-protective line of case-law: a purposive reading of Ley 57/1968 to ensure full restitution and market trust in Spain’s off-plan sector. It removes a recurring defence (stopping interest at insolvency) and aligns incentives: if money is held too long, the carrying cost stays with the guarantor, not the consumer.

Key takeaways

  • Buyers: Spain remains one of the safest markets for off-plan purchases thanks to statutory guarantees and consistent Supreme Court jurisprudence. Keep your proof of payments—interest from day one is yours.

  • Banks/insurers: Because the guarantee is autonomous, the developer’s insolvency does not cap interest exposure. Reflect this in reserving and claims handling.

  • Developers/agents: Guarantees are not box-ticking; they are the backbone of market credibility. Late delivery shifts real cost to guarantors and reputational risk to projects.

FAQ

Does the developer’s insolvency stop legal interest?
No. Interest continues until the buyer is reimbursed; the insolvency “stop” affects the developer, not a solvent guarantor.

What law protects off-plan buyers in Spain?
Ley 57/1968, developed by later legislation and case-law; the guarantee regime is now regulated under Law 20/2015.

What should I check before paying an off-plan deposit?
That there is a valid individual or collective guarantee, that the building licence exists, and that the contract sets delivery deadlines and interest terms.


If you’d like a quick check: send your contract and proof of payments; we’ll review them free of charge and explain your position and likely interest.



Thread: Spain’s Supreme Court strengthens off-plan buyer protection: interest runs until reimbursement

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04 Nov 2025 8:07 PM:

Welcome! Here’s the no-surprises version of Spain’s monthly costs—beyond the rent.

Typical monthly ranges (for a 1–2 bed, normal usage)

  • Electricity: €50–€120 (winter/AC use can push €150+). Tip: check the contracted power (potencia)—too high = overpaying.

  • Water: €15–€35 (often bi-monthly; average it out).

  • Gas (if any): €20–€60 (heating/cooking; coastal flats may be electric-only).

  • Internet (fiber): €30–€50.

  • Mobile: €10–€25 per line (SIM-only).

  • Building/community fee (comunidad): €30–€120 (usually the owner pays; ask if it’s passed to you).

  • Garbage/local fees (basura): €3–€10/month equivalent (charged yearly/bi-annually; check if tenant pays).

  • Public transport pass: €20–€60 (city/zone dependent).

  • Groceries: €180–€300 per adult (cook at home = big savings).

  • Eating out: “Menú del día” €12–€15; dinner out €15–€30 pp (wine/beer is reasonable).

  • Gym: €25–€50.

  • Streaming/TV: €6–€20.

Health cover (common expat routes)

  • Employed/resident in the public system: payroll contributions cover you.

  • Private insurance: ~€40–€120+/adult (age/coverage matter; 65+ can be higher).

  • Convenio especial (public buy-in): a fixed monthly fee by age band (varies by region).

One-off / irregular costs people forget

  • Agent fee & deposits: commonly 1 month agency + 1 month deposit (sometimes 2).

  • Utilities set-up & meter changes: €20–€100 total.

  • Seasonal spikes: winter heating or summer AC can add €30–€80 to a month.

  • Appliances & small furnishings: even “furnished” places need bits (linen, kitchenware).

  • Annual taxes/fees on a car: road tax (IVTM) €30–€200, ITV inspections, parking zones.

  • Translations, notary, ID/NIE card fees: small each, but they add up.

  • HVAC/boiler maintenance: €60–€150 if it’s your responsibility (varies by lease).

  • Community rules: some HOAs ban short-lets or gas bottles—affects your plans.

Sample monthly snapshots (rent not included)

  • Big city (Madrid/Barcelona), single: €400–€650 all-in (utilities, internet/mobile, transport, food at home, some eating out, gym).

  • Mid-size coastal city (Valencia/Málaga), couple: €700–€1,000 for two (shared utilities/food help).

  • Smaller town: €300–€500 single, if you keep eating out low and walk/bike.

Local taxes—do renters pay any?

  • IBI (property tax): owner pays.

  • Basura (garbage) / water fees: depends on the town and lease—sometimes billed to the tenant. Always ask who pays what.

What surprised most newcomers

  • Electricity pricing & potencia: the standing charge can be chunky if potencia is set too high.

  • Bi-monthly billing: water/gas arrive every two months, so “quiet” months can trick you.

  • Agency fees upfront: normal here; budget for it.

  • Community rules trump habits: drying clothes on balconies, pets, or quiet hours are enforced.

  • Cash vs card: most places take cards now, but small markets still prefer cash.

How to avoid “gotchas” (copy-paste checklist)

  1. Ask for the last 12 months of utility bills (electricity/water/gas).

  2. Confirm who pays comunidad & basura in writing.

  3. Check potencia on the electric bill; lower it if the breaker never trips.

  4. Photograph meter readings at move-in.

  5. Get the exact deposit & agency fee before you commit.

  6. Price your health cover by age and region—don’t guess.

  7. If you’ll drive, total up IVTM + insurance + ITV + parking.

  8. Keep a €300–€500 buffer for the first two months (setup hiccups happen).

If you share your target city (or two), household size, and whether you’ll work from home (heating/AC hours matter), I’ll ballpark a tailored monthly budget that actually matches how you live.



Thread: What Are the Hidden Costs?

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30 Oct 2025 9:04 AM:

Yes, you can act. What you describe is private appropriation of common elements, which is not allowed under Spain’s Horizontal Property Law (LPH).

  1. Paper trail first: get the community Statutes and Internal Rules, the last AGM minutes, and take photos of the encroachments.

  2. Formal notice: write to the President/Administrator (recorded email or burofax) asking for removal and restoration of the gardens to common use, citing LPH duties not to alter or occupy common areas.

  3. Put it on the agenda: ask for this to be included at the next meeting; if refused, owners holding 25% of quotas or heads can request an extraordinary meeting.

  4. Vote & enforce: approve an Internal Rule (simple majority) banning private storage/equipment in gardens and authorizing removal after written notice. If they ignore it, the community (via the President) can file an acción de cesación/reposición to compel removal and claim costs.

  5. If the President is also infringing: add a point to revoke/elect a new President and to mandate enforcement across the board.

Don’t do “self-help” (cutting lines, etc.). Build allies, document everything, and use the meeting + enforcement route — it works. If you want, I can share a short template for the meeting agenda item and the initial notice.



Thread: Community garden areas

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30 Oct 2025 9:00 AM:

That´s it.

Under Brussels IV (EU Reg. 650/2012), as UK nationals resident in Spain you can choose the law of your nationality (e.g., England & Wales) to govern your entire estate in your Spanish wills (professio iuris).


If that law doesn’t impose forced heirship, Spain won’t apply Spanish legítimas—so you can leave everything to each other and, ultimately, to charities. Note: this doesn’t change Spanish inheritance tax treatment.


Practical tip: include an explicit choice-of-law clause in each Spanish will; without it, the default is your habitual residence (Spain) and Spanish legítimas could apply. If a notary resists, ask for wording that cites Brussels IV and (if needed) a brief certificate of UK law.

 



Thread: Arranging a Spanish Will with caveats, any help greatly appreciated?!

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